Rabu, 21 November 2012

Efektivitas Jenis dan Dosis Pupuk Fosfat Terhadap Serapan P, Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.)

Efektivitas Jenis dan Dosis Pupuk Fosfat Terhadap Serapan P, Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.)
Oleh: Gribaldi

Abstract This experiment aimed to evaluate the use of kinds and dosages P fertilizer in order to increase the effectiveness of P fertilizing and appropriate dosages for growth and yield of rice in two series of planting season. The experiment was conducted at rice field in Bedilan village BK 10 Kecamatan Belitang, Kabupaten Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) for two seasons of planting, the first was started from March to July 2000 while the second was started from October 2000 until January 2001. The design used in tthis experiment was Split Plot Design consisted of 12 combination of treatment with 3 replications. Whereas at the second season used split-split Plot Design with 84 combination and 3 replications. The whole plot in the first season were kinds of fertilizer, while the sub plot were dosages of P fertilizer. The whole plot in the second seasons were kinds of fertilizer, the sub plot were dosages of P fertilizer at the first season, and the sub sub plot were dosages of fertilizer at the second season. The result showed that the use of rock phosphate 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 at the first and second season was the treatment for parameters height of plant, productive shoots, weight of 1000 grains and harvest index. The use of P from SP 36 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 at the second season was the best treatment for P absorption, dry weight plat and the number of unhulled paddy. The highest yield (6,9 ton ha-1) was reached by treatment of P fertilizer from SP 36 50 kg P2O5 ha-1 at the first seasons continued with 25 kg P2O5 at the second season. Key words; Effectiveness of P fertilizing, appropriate dosages, rice PENDAHULUAN Penggunaan pupuk terus meningkat dengan pesat dari tahun ke tahun. Mengingat besarnya peningkatan konsumsi pupuk tersebut, maka perlu upaya peningkatan efisiensi pemupukan agar disamping mampu meningkatkan produksi padi juga mampu meningkatkan keuntungan dan pendapatan petani (Simatupang, 1995). Untuk meningkatkan produksi dan pendapatan petani serta ketersediaan fosfat di tanah-tanah sawah, maka peneliti yang mengacu kepada strategi mencari sumber fosfat yang lebih murah dan melakukan suatu penetapan dosis pupuk yang lebih efisien pada lahan sawah. Sumber fosfat yang berasal dari pupuk fosfat yang lazim digunakan petani dalam proses produksi adalah SP 36 atau TSP. Di lapangan sering terjadi kelangkaan pupuk SP 36/TSP dan harganya membumbung tinggi, sehingga mempengaruhi penggunaan pupuk tersebut oleh petani. Pupuk P-alam merupakan pupuk yang lambat tersedia, harganya lebih murah dan efektivitasnya ternyata sebanding dan bahkan melampaui efektivitas TSP (Adiningsih, 1987). Dengan memperhitungkan P-tersedia dalam tanah-tanah sawah di daerah Belitang.

selengkapnya : pdf file

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