Inokulasi Mikoriza Arbuskular Pada Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Yang Ditanam pada Berbagai Komposisi Media Tanam

Inokulasi Mikoriza Arbuskular Pada Bibit Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Yang Ditanam pada Berbagai Komposisi Media Tanam
Oleh: Novriani

Abstract
This research aims to study the effect of mycorrhizal inoculation on oil palm seedling which is planted in various media composition (a mixture of soil and Empty Fruits Bunch (EFB) compost) on the growth of oil palm seedlings, mycorrhizal colonization in roots and uptake of N, P and K. This research was conducted at the experimental garden of Baturaja University, Ogan Komering Ulu, during four months from December 2009 - March 2010. This research method used Factorial of Randomized Block Design (FRBD) with two treatment factors and three replications. The first factor in the form of EFB compost media compositions (0%, 25% compost + 75% soil, 30% compost + 70% soil, 50% compost + 50 soil, 70% compost + 30 % soil and 75 % compost + 25 % soil). The second factor is mycorrhizal inoculants (0 g pot-1, 10 g pot-1, 20 g pot-1 and 30 g pot-1). Result obtained from this research is the application of 30% compost to had significant effect on increase the percentage of mycorrhizal colonization in roots (83,23%), uptake of N (163.84%), uptake of P (153.67%), dry weight of canopy (163.27%), root dry weight (141.86 %) and total dry weigh (156.74%) of oil palm planting compare with no compost. Inoculation of mycorrhizal 10 g significantly increased percentage of mycorrhizal colonization roots (95.07 %), uptake of N (110.29%), uptake of P (108.19%), dry weight of canopy (82.29%), root dry weight (84.21%), and total dry weigh (84.29%) of soil palm planted compare with no mycorrhizal. The combination of compost 30% and mycorrhizal 10 g resulted the best percentage of mycorrhizal colonization on roots, uptake of N, dry weight, root dry weight and total dry weight of the best crops of oil palm seedling. This result suggest that good of palm seeding can be achieved by using combination of 30% compost and 10 g mycorrhizal dosage. Key words: Oil palm seeding, compost and mycorrhizal

PENDAHULUAN
Tanaman kelapa sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) saat ini merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman perkebunan yang menduduki posisi penting di sektor pertanian disebabkan kelapa sawit dapat menambah devisa dan menciptakan lapangan kerja. Luas perkebunan kelapa sawit di Indonesia pada tahun 2009 mencapai + 7,12 juta ha dengan total produksi + 20,5 ton Crude Palm Oil (CPO) (Dirjenbun 2010). Untuk memperoleh hasil yang terus meningkat dapat dilakukan dengan perbaikan mutu di pembibitan karena pembibitan memiliki peran yang sangat penting untuk menghasilkan tanaman kelapa sawit yang baik dan bermutu (Pahan, 2008).

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